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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">python学习(21) smtp发送邮件</h1>
        

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        <p>本文介绍python发送邮件模块smtplib以及相关MIME模块。<br>smtplib用于生成邮件发送的代理，发送邮件前需要通过MIMEText构造邮件内容。</p>
<h2 id="发送纯文本邮件"><a href="#发送纯文本邮件" class="headerlink" title="发送纯文本邮件"></a>发送纯文本邮件</h2><p>下面是个发送纯文本邮件的例子。<br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> smtplib</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> email.mime.text <span class="keyword">import</span> MIMEText</span><br><span class="line">msg_from=<span class="string">'XXXXX@163.com'</span>                                 </span><br><span class="line">passwd=<span class="string">'XXXXX'</span>                                  </span><br><span class="line">msg_to=<span class="string">'XXXXX@qq.com'</span>                                  </span><br><span class="line">                            </span><br><span class="line">subject=<span class="string">"python邮件测试"</span>                                       </span><br><span class="line">content=<span class="string">"这是我使用python smtplib及email模块发送的邮件"</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">msg = MIMEText(content)</span><br><span class="line">msg[<span class="string">'Subject'</span>] = subject</span><br><span class="line">msg[<span class="string">'From'</span>] = msg_from</span><br><span class="line">msg[<span class="string">'To'</span>] = msg_to</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">try</span>:</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">#s = smtplib.SMTP_SSL("smtp.163.com",465)</span></span><br><span class="line">    s = smtplib.SMTP(<span class="string">"smtp.163.com"</span>,<span class="number">25</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    s.login(msg_from, passwd)</span><br><span class="line">    s.sendmail(msg_from, msg_to, msg.as_string())</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">print</span> (<span class="string">"发送成功"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">except</span> smtplib.SMTPException <span class="keyword">as</span> e:</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">print</span> (<span class="string">"发送失败"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">finally</span>:</span><br><span class="line">    s.quit()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<a id="more"></a>
<p>MIMEText实例化一个邮件对象，内容为content，对于邮件标题Subject，发件人From，以及收件人To<br>需要以字典形式指出，或者通过add_header(下文会给出)添加，否则对方看不到这些信息。<br>想要通过smtp发送邮件，需要打开指定邮箱的smtp协议，以及设置smtp授权密码。我设置的是163邮箱的。<br><img src="1.png" alt="1.png"><br><img src="2.png" alt="2.png"><br>设置好密码后，将上述代码中的passwd改为你的密码，msg_from改为你的邮箱。smtplib可以通过SMTP_SSL<br>发送，也可以采用普通形式直接初始化，对应的两个参数分别是授权的smtp服务器地址和端口号，因为我<br>设置的是163的，所以使用smtp.163.com服务器地址，端口号和服务器地址读者可以自己去查。通过生成的<br>smtp实例，一次调用login，sendemail就可以发送了。最后记得调用quit退出。<br>发送一封纯文本邮件，看一下效果<br><img src="3.png" alt="3.png"><br>我们发现发件人标题显示的只有邮箱地址，没有昵称，可以采用parseaddr和formataddr对发件人信息完善。<br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">_format_addr</span><span class="params">(s)</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line">    name, addr = parseaddr(s)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> formataddr((Header(name, <span class="string">'utf-8'</span>).encode(), addr))</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> smtplib</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> email.header <span class="keyword">import</span> Header</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> email.mime.text <span class="keyword">import</span> MIMEText</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> email.utils <span class="keyword">import</span> parseaddr, formataddr</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">msg_from=<span class="string">'XXXXX@163.com'</span>                                 </span><br><span class="line">passwd=<span class="string">'XXXXX'</span>                                  </span><br><span class="line">msg_to=<span class="string">'XXXXX@qq.com'</span></span><br><span class="line">receivers = [<span class="string">'XXXXX@qq.com'</span>]                                </span><br><span class="line">                            </span><br><span class="line">subject=<span class="string">"python邮件测试"</span>                                       </span><br><span class="line">content=<span class="string">"这是我使用python smtplib及email模块发送的邮件"</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">msg = MIMEText(content,<span class="string">'plain'</span>,<span class="string">'utf-8'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">msg[<span class="string">'Subject'</span>] = Header(subject,<span class="string">'utf-8'</span>).encode()</span><br><span class="line">msg[<span class="string">'From'</span>] = _format_addr(<span class="string">'恋恋风辰 &lt;%s&gt;'</span> %msg_from)</span><br><span class="line">msg[<span class="string">'To'</span>] = msg_to</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">try</span>:</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">#s = smtplib.SMTP_SSL("smtp.163.com",465)</span></span><br><span class="line">    s = smtplib.SMTP(<span class="string">"smtp.163.com"</span>,<span class="number">25</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    s.login(msg_from, passwd)</span><br><span class="line">    s.sendmail(msg_from, receivers, msg.as_string())</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">print</span> (<span class="string">"发送成功"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">except</span> smtplib.SMTPException <span class="keyword">as</span> e:</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">print</span> (<span class="string">"发送失败"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">finally</span>:</span><br><span class="line">    s.quit()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>这样可以看到发件人的昵称了。我设置的是恋恋风辰。Header函数的作用是防止中文乱码。<br>Header对字符串按照utf-8方式编码。MIMEText中参数plain表示纯文本，utf-8表示纯文本<br>的编码方式。<br><img src="4.png" alt="4.png"></p>
<h2 id="发送html邮件"><a href="#发送html邮件" class="headerlink" title="发送html邮件"></a>发送html邮件</h2><p>发送html邮件和之前发送纯文本类似，只需要将plain变为html，即可。<br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">_format_addr</span><span class="params">(s)</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line">    name, addr = parseaddr(s)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> formataddr((Header(name, <span class="string">'utf-8'</span>).encode(), addr))</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> smtplib</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> email.header <span class="keyword">import</span> Header</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> email.mime.text <span class="keyword">import</span> MIMEText</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> email.utils <span class="keyword">import</span> parseaddr, formataddr</span><br><span class="line">msg_from = <span class="string">'XXXXXX@163.com'</span></span><br><span class="line">passwd = <span class="string">'XXXXX'</span></span><br><span class="line">msg_to=<span class="string">'XXXXXX@qq.com'</span></span><br><span class="line">receivers = [<span class="string">'XXXXXX@qq.com'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">subject = <span class="string">'python邮件测试html'</span></span><br><span class="line">content = <span class="string">'&lt;html&gt;&lt;body&gt;&lt;h1&gt;Hello&lt;/h1&gt;'</span> +\</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">'&lt;p&gt;send by &lt;a href="http://www.python.org"&gt;Python&lt;/a&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;'</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">msg = MIMEText(content, <span class="string">'html'</span>, <span class="string">'utf-8'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">msg[<span class="string">'Subject'</span>] = Header(subject, <span class="string">'utf-8'</span>).encode()</span><br><span class="line">msg[<span class="string">'From'</span>] = _format_addr(<span class="string">'恋恋风辰 &lt;%s&gt;'</span> %msg_from)</span><br><span class="line">msg[<span class="string">'To'</span>] = msg_to</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">try</span>:</span><br><span class="line">    s = smtplib.SMTP(<span class="string">"smtp.163.com"</span>,<span class="number">25</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    s.login(msg_from, passwd)</span><br><span class="line">    s.sendmail(msg_from, receivers, msg.as_string())</span><br><span class="line">    print(<span class="string">'发送成功'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">except</span> smtplib.SMTPException <span class="keyword">as</span> e:</span><br><span class="line">    print(<span class="string">'发送失败'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">finally</span>:</span><br><span class="line">    s.quit()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>看看效果：<br><img src="5.png" alt="5.png"></p>
<h2 id="发送带附件的邮件"><a href="#发送带附件的邮件" class="headerlink" title="发送带附件的邮件"></a>发送带附件的邮件</h2><p>发送带附件的邮件，和之前不同，需要通过MIMEMultipart创建邮件实例，<br>然后将文本，附件等通过attach方法绑定到邮件实例上，然后一起发送。<br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> smtplib</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> email</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> email.header <span class="keyword">import</span> Header</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> email.mime.text <span class="keyword">import</span> MIMEText</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> email.mime.multipart <span class="keyword">import</span> MIMEMultipart   </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> email.utils <span class="keyword">import</span> parseaddr, formataddr</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> email.mime.base <span class="keyword">import</span> MIMEBase</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">_format_addr</span><span class="params">(s)</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line">    name, addr = parseaddr(s)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> formataddr((Header(name, <span class="string">'utf-8'</span>).encode(), addr))</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">msg_from = <span class="string">'XXXXX@163.com'</span></span><br><span class="line">passwd = <span class="string">'XXXXX'</span></span><br><span class="line">msg_to=<span class="string">'XXXXXX@qq.com'</span></span><br><span class="line">receivers = [<span class="string">'XXXX@qq.com'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">subject = <span class="string">'python邮件测试附件'</span></span><br><span class="line">content = <span class="string">'&lt;html&gt;&lt;body&gt;&lt;h1&gt;Hello&lt;/h1&gt;'</span> +\</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">'&lt;p&gt;send by &lt;a href="http://www.python.org"&gt;Python&lt;/a&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;'</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#附件邮件对象</span></span><br><span class="line">msg = MIMEMultipart()</span><br><span class="line">msg[<span class="string">'From'</span>] = _format_addr(<span class="string">'恋恋风辰 &lt;%s&gt;'</span> %msg_from)</span><br><span class="line">msg[<span class="string">'To'</span>] = msg_to</span><br><span class="line">msg[<span class="string">'Subject'</span>] = Header(subject, <span class="string">'utf-8'</span>).encode()</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#添加正文</span></span><br><span class="line">text = MIMEText(content, <span class="string">'html'</span>,<span class="string">'utf-8'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">msg.attach(text)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#添加附件就是创建一个MIMEBase对象，然后attach到msg上。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">with</span> open(<span class="string">'./email.jpg'</span>,<span class="string">'rb'</span>) <span class="keyword">as</span> f:</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">#设置附件名字</span></span><br><span class="line">    mime = MIMEBase(<span class="string">'image'</span>, <span class="string">'jpg'</span>, filename=<span class="string">'text.jpg'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">#加上头信息</span></span><br><span class="line">    mime.add_header(<span class="string">'Content-Disposition'</span>,<span class="string">'attachment'</span>,filename=<span class="string">'test.jpg'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    mime.add_header(<span class="string">'Content-ID'</span>,<span class="string">'&lt;0&gt;'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    mime.add_header(<span class="string">'X-Attachment-Id'</span>,<span class="string">'0'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">#读取内容放入附件</span></span><br><span class="line">    mime.set_payload(f.read())</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">#用Base64编码</span></span><br><span class="line">    email.encoders.encode_base64(mime)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">#添加到MIMEMultipart中</span></span><br><span class="line">    msg.attach(mime)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">try</span>:</span><br><span class="line">    s = smtplib.SMTP(<span class="string">"smtp.163.com"</span>,<span class="number">25</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    s.login(msg_from, passwd)</span><br><span class="line">    s.sendmail(msg_from, receivers, msg.as_string())</span><br><span class="line">    print(<span class="string">'发送成功'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">except</span> smtplib.SMTPException <span class="keyword">as</span> e:</span><br><span class="line">    print(<span class="string">'发送失败'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">finally</span>:</span><br><span class="line">    s.quit()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>MIMEMultipart创建邮件实例msg，将收件人，发件人，主题设置到msg上。<br>然后通过MIMEText创建html文本内容，调用msg.attach方法将文本内容绑定<br>到邮件上。同样的道理，打开一个图片，通过MIMEBase创建一个附件实例，<br>设置文件名，文件类型，绑定的id等等，最后通过set_payload加载到附件，<br>然后msg.attach绑定到邮件实例上。后面的发送流程和之前一样。<br>看看效果：<br><img src="6.png" alt="6.png"></p>
<h2 id="发送带图片的html邮件"><a href="#发送带图片的html邮件" class="headerlink" title="发送带图片的html邮件"></a>发送带图片的html邮件</h2><p>想要在html中添加图片，并且在邮件正文中显示，只需要在html文本中引用<br>图片id即可。<br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> smtplib</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> email.header <span class="keyword">import</span> Header</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> email.mime.text <span class="keyword">import</span> MIMEText</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> email.mime.multipart <span class="keyword">import</span> MIMEMultipart   </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> email.utils <span class="keyword">import</span> parseaddr, formataddr</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> email.mime.base <span class="keyword">import</span> MIMEBase</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> email.mime.image <span class="keyword">import</span> MIMEImage</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">_format_addr</span><span class="params">(s)</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line">    name, addr = parseaddr(s)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> formataddr((Header(name, <span class="string">'utf-8'</span>).encode(), addr))</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">msg_from = <span class="string">'XXXXXXXXXXXX@163.com'</span></span><br><span class="line">passwd = <span class="string">'XXXXX'</span></span><br><span class="line">msg_to=<span class="string">'XXXXXXXXX@qq.com'</span></span><br><span class="line">receivers = [<span class="string">'XXXXXXXXXX@qq.com'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">subject = <span class="string">'python邮件测试附件'</span></span><br><span class="line">content = <span class="string">'&lt;b&gt;Some &lt;i&gt;HTML&lt;/i&gt; text&lt;/b&gt; and an image.&lt;br&gt;&lt;img src="cid:image1"&gt;&lt;br&gt;good!'</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#附件邮件对象</span></span><br><span class="line">msg = MIMEMultipart()</span><br><span class="line">msg[<span class="string">'From'</span>] = _format_addr(<span class="string">'恋恋风辰 &lt;%s&gt;'</span> %msg_from)</span><br><span class="line">msg[<span class="string">'To'</span>] = msg_to</span><br><span class="line">msg[<span class="string">'Subject'</span>] = Header(subject, <span class="string">'utf-8'</span>).encode()</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#添加正文</span></span><br><span class="line">text = MIMEText(content, <span class="string">'html'</span>,<span class="string">'utf-8'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">msg.attach(text)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#添加附件就是创建一个MIMEBase对象，然后attach到msg上。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">with</span> open(<span class="string">'./email.jpg'</span>,<span class="string">'rb'</span>) <span class="keyword">as</span> f:</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">#设置附件名字</span></span><br><span class="line">    mime = MIMEImage(f.read())</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">#加上头信息</span></span><br><span class="line">    mime.add_header(<span class="string">'Content-Disposition'</span>,<span class="string">'attachment'</span>,filename=<span class="string">'test.jpg'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    mime.add_header(<span class="string">'Content-ID'</span>,<span class="string">'`&lt;image1&gt;`'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">   </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">#添加到MIMEMultipart中</span></span><br><span class="line">    msg.attach(mime)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">try</span>:</span><br><span class="line">    s = smtplib.SMTP(<span class="string">"smtp.163.com"</span>,<span class="number">25</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    s.login(msg_from, passwd)</span><br><span class="line">    s.sendmail(msg_from, receivers, msg.as_string())</span><br><span class="line">    print(<span class="string">'发送成功'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">except</span> smtplib.SMTPException <span class="keyword">as</span> e:</span><br><span class="line">    print(<span class="string">'发送失败'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">finally</span>:</span><br><span class="line">    s.quit()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p> mime.add_header(‘Content-ID’,<code>&#39;&lt;image1&gt;&#39;</code>) 设置图片id为image1，<br> 在html中引用image1就可以在邮件中文中显示图片了。<br> 通过<code>&lt;img src=&quot;cid:image1&quot;&gt;</code>方式进行引用。</p>
<h2 id="Messge类的继承和派生关系"><a href="#Messge类的继承和派生关系" class="headerlink" title="Messge类的继承和派生关系"></a>Messge类的继承和派生关系</h2> <figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"> Message</span><br><span class="line">+- MIMEBase</span><br><span class="line">   +- MIMEMultipart</span><br><span class="line">   +- MIMENonMultipart</span><br><span class="line">      +- MIMEMessage</span><br><span class="line">      +- MIMEText</span><br><span class="line">      +- MIMEImage</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>MIMEBase继承于Message,MIMEMultipart继承于MIMEBase。</p>
<h2 id="用MIMEText发送多种附件"><a href="#用MIMEText发送多种附件" class="headerlink" title="用MIMEText发送多种附件"></a>用MIMEText发送多种附件</h2><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> smtplib</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> email.mime.text <span class="keyword">import</span> MIMEText</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> email.header <span class="keyword">import</span> Header</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> email.mime.multipart <span class="keyword">import</span> MIMEMultipart</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> email.utils <span class="keyword">import</span> parseaddr, formataddr</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> os</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">_format_addr</span><span class="params">(s)</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line">    name, addr = parseaddr(s)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> formataddr((Header(name, <span class="string">'utf-8'</span>).encode(), addr))</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">msg_from = <span class="string">'XXXXXXXXX@163.com'</span></span><br><span class="line">passwd = <span class="string">'XXXXXXXXXXX'</span></span><br><span class="line">msg_to=<span class="string">'XXXXXXXXX@qq.com'</span></span><br><span class="line">receivers = [<span class="string">'XXXXXXXXXXX@qq.com'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">subject = <span class="string">'python邮件测试附件'</span></span><br><span class="line">content = <span class="string">'多种附件'</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#附件邮件对象</span></span><br><span class="line">msg = MIMEMultipart()</span><br><span class="line">msg[<span class="string">'From'</span>] = _format_addr(<span class="string">'恋恋风辰 &lt;%s&gt;'</span> %msg_from)</span><br><span class="line">msg[<span class="string">'To'</span>] = msg_to</span><br><span class="line">msg[<span class="string">'Subject'</span>] = Header(subject, <span class="string">'utf-8'</span>).encode()</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#添加正文</span></span><br><span class="line">text = MIMEText(content, <span class="string">'html'</span>,<span class="string">'utf-8'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">msg.attach(text)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">os.chdir(<span class="string">'./res'</span>)    </span><br><span class="line">dir = os.getcwd()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> fn <span class="keyword">in</span> os.listdir(dir):</span><br><span class="line">    print(fn)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">with</span> open(fn,<span class="string">'rb'</span>) <span class="keyword">as</span> f:</span><br><span class="line">        mime = MIMEText(f.read(), <span class="string">'base64'</span>, <span class="string">'utf-8'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">        mime.add_header(<span class="string">'Content-Disposition'</span>,<span class="string">'attachment'</span>,filename = fn)</span><br><span class="line">        mime.add_header(<span class="string">'Content-Type'</span>, <span class="string">'application/octet-stream'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">        msg.attach(mime)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">try</span>:</span><br><span class="line">    s = smtplib.SMTP(<span class="string">"smtp.163.com"</span>,<span class="number">25</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    s.login(msg_from, passwd)</span><br><span class="line">    s.sendmail(msg_from, receivers, msg.as_string())</span><br><span class="line">    print(<span class="string">'发送成功'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">except</span> smtplib.SMTPException <span class="keyword">as</span> e:</span><br><span class="line">    print(<span class="string">'发送失败'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">finally</span>:</span><br><span class="line">    s.quit()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>大体原理和之前一样，通过MIMEText可以实现多种附件的发送。<br>注意格式改为base64，编码用utf-8，可以实现多种附件发送。<br>效果如下：<br><img src="7.png" alt="7.png"></p>
<h2 id="通过MIMEApplication发送多种附件"><a href="#通过MIMEApplication发送多种附件" class="headerlink" title="通过MIMEApplication发送多种附件"></a>通过MIMEApplication发送多种附件</h2><p>同样可以通过MIMEApplication发送多种附件。<br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> smtplib</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> email.mime.text <span class="keyword">import</span> MIMEText</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> email.mime.application <span class="keyword">import</span> MIMEApplication</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> email.header <span class="keyword">import</span> Header</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> email.mime.multipart <span class="keyword">import</span> MIMEMultipart</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> email.utils <span class="keyword">import</span> parseaddr, formataddr</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> os</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">_format_addr</span><span class="params">(s)</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line">    name, addr = parseaddr(s)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> formataddr((Header(name, <span class="string">'utf-8'</span>).encode(), addr))</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">msg_from = <span class="string">'xxxxxxxxx@163.com'</span></span><br><span class="line">passwd = <span class="string">'xxxxxxxxxx'</span></span><br><span class="line">msg_to=<span class="string">'xxxxxxxxxxx@qq.com'</span></span><br><span class="line">receivers = [<span class="string">'xxxxxxxxx@qq.com'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">subject = <span class="string">'python邮件测试附件'</span></span><br><span class="line">content = <span class="string">'多种附件'</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#附件邮件对象</span></span><br><span class="line">msg = MIMEMultipart()</span><br><span class="line">msg[<span class="string">'From'</span>] = _format_addr(<span class="string">'恋恋风辰 &lt;%s&gt;'</span> %msg_from)</span><br><span class="line">msg[<span class="string">'To'</span>] = msg_to</span><br><span class="line">msg[<span class="string">'Subject'</span>] = Header(subject, <span class="string">'utf-8'</span>).encode()</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#添加正文</span></span><br><span class="line">text = MIMEText(content, <span class="string">'html'</span>,<span class="string">'utf-8'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">msg.attach(text)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">os.chdir(<span class="string">'./res'</span>)    </span><br><span class="line">dir = os.getcwd()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> fn <span class="keyword">in</span> os.listdir(dir):</span><br><span class="line">    print(fn)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">with</span> open(fn,<span class="string">'rb'</span>) <span class="keyword">as</span> f:</span><br><span class="line">        mime = MIMEApplication(f.read())</span><br><span class="line">        mime.add_header(<span class="string">'Content-Disposition'</span>,<span class="string">'attachment'</span>,filename = fn)</span><br><span class="line">        mime.add_header(<span class="string">'Content-Type'</span>, <span class="string">'application/octet-stream'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">        msg.attach(mime)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">try</span>:</span><br><span class="line">    s = smtplib.SMTP(<span class="string">"smtp.163.com"</span>,<span class="number">25</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    s.login(msg_from, passwd)</span><br><span class="line">    s.sendmail(msg_from, receivers, msg.as_string())</span><br><span class="line">    print(<span class="string">'发送成功'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">except</span> smtplib.SMTPException <span class="keyword">as</span> e:</span><br><span class="line">    print(<span class="string">'发送失败'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">finally</span>:</span><br><span class="line">    s.quit()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>效果和之前的一样，这就是python中利用smtplib和MIME构造邮件发送的案例。<br>我的公众号：<br><img src="wxgzh.jpg" alt="wxgzh.jpg"></p>

      
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              <div class="post-toc-content"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#发送纯文本邮件"><span class="nav-number">1.</span> <span class="nav-text">发送纯文本邮件</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#发送html邮件"><span class="nav-number">2.</span> <span class="nav-text">发送html邮件</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#发送带附件的邮件"><span class="nav-number">3.</span> <span class="nav-text">发送带附件的邮件</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#发送带图片的html邮件"><span class="nav-number">4.</span> <span class="nav-text">发送带图片的html邮件</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#Messge类的继承和派生关系"><span class="nav-number">5.</span> <span class="nav-text">Messge类的继承和派生关系</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#用MIMEText发送多种附件"><span class="nav-number">6.</span> <span class="nav-text">用MIMEText发送多种附件</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#通过MIMEApplication发送多种附件"><span class="nav-number">7.</span> <span class="nav-text">通过MIMEApplication发送多种附件</span></a></li></ol></div>
            

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                  while (indexOfContent.length != 0) {
                    var item = indexOfContent[indexOfContent.length - 1];
                    var position = item.position;
                    var word = item.word;
                    // cut out 100 characters
                    var start = position - 20;
                    var end = position + 80;
                    if(start < 0){
                      start = 0;
                    }
                    if (end < position + word.length) {
                      end = position + word.length;
                    }
                    if(end > content.length){
                      end = content.length;
                    }
                    slicesOfContent.push(mergeIntoSlice(content, start, end, indexOfContent));
                  }

                  // sort slices in content by search text's count and hits' count

                  slicesOfContent.sort(function (sliceLeft, sliceRight) {
                    if (sliceLeft.searchTextCount !== sliceRight.searchTextCount) {
                      return sliceRight.searchTextCount - sliceLeft.searchTextCount;
                    } else if (sliceLeft.hits.length !== sliceRight.hits.length) {
                      return sliceRight.hits.length - sliceLeft.hits.length;
                    } else {
                      return sliceLeft.start - sliceRight.start;
                    }
                  });

                  // select top N slices in content

                  var upperBound = parseInt('1');
                  if (upperBound >= 0) {
                    slicesOfContent = slicesOfContent.slice(0, upperBound);
                  }

                  // highlight title and content

                  function highlightKeyword(text, slice) {
                    var result = '';
                    var prevEnd = slice.start;
                    slice.hits.forEach(function (hit) {
                      result += text.substring(prevEnd, hit.position);
                      var end = hit.position + hit.length;
                      result += '<b class="search-keyword">' + text.substring(hit.position, end) + '</b>';
                      prevEnd = end;
                    });
                    result += text.substring(prevEnd, slice.end);
                    return result;
                  }

                  var resultItem = '';

                  if (slicesOfTitle.length != 0) {
                    resultItem += "<li><a href='" + articleUrl + "' class='search-result-title'>" + highlightKeyword(title, slicesOfTitle[0]) + "</a>";
                  } else {
                    resultItem += "<li><a href='" + articleUrl + "' class='search-result-title'>" + title + "</a>";
                  }

                  slicesOfContent.forEach(function (slice) {
                    resultItem += "<a href='" + articleUrl + "'>" +
                      "<p class=\"search-result\">" + highlightKeyword(content, slice) +
                      "...</p>" + "</a>";
                  });

                  resultItem += "</li>";
                  resultItems.push({
                    item: resultItem,
                    searchTextCount: searchTextCount,
                    hitCount: hitCount,
                    id: resultItems.length
                  });
                }
              })
            };
            if (keywords.length === 1 && keywords[0] === "") {
              resultContent.innerHTML = '<div id="no-result"><i class="fa fa-search fa-5x" /></div>'
            } else if (resultItems.length === 0) {
              resultContent.innerHTML = '<div id="no-result"><i class="fa fa-frown-o fa-5x" /></div>'
            } else {
              resultItems.sort(function (resultLeft, resultRight) {
                if (resultLeft.searchTextCount !== resultRight.searchTextCount) {
                  return resultRight.searchTextCount - resultLeft.searchTextCount;
                } else if (resultLeft.hitCount !== resultRight.hitCount) {
                  return resultRight.hitCount - resultLeft.hitCount;
                } else {
                  return resultRight.id - resultLeft.id;
                }
              });
              var searchResultList = '<ul class=\"search-result-list\">';
              resultItems.forEach(function (result) {
                searchResultList += result.item;
              })
              searchResultList += "</ul>";
              resultContent.innerHTML = searchResultList;
            }
          }

          if ('auto' === 'auto') {
            input.addEventListener('input', inputEventFunction);
          } else {
            $('.search-icon').click(inputEventFunction);
            input.addEventListener('keypress', function (event) {
              if (event.keyCode === 13) {
                inputEventFunction();
              }
            });
          }

          // remove loading animation
          $(".local-search-pop-overlay").remove();
          $('body').css('overflow', '');

          proceedsearch();
        }
      });
    }

    // handle and trigger popup window;
    $('.popup-trigger').click(function(e) {
      e.stopPropagation();
      if (isfetched === false) {
        searchFunc(path, 'local-search-input', 'local-search-result');
      } else {
        proceedsearch();
      };
    });

    $('.popup-btn-close').click(onPopupClose);
    $('.popup').click(function(e){
      e.stopPropagation();
    });
    $(document).on('keyup', function (event) {
      var shouldDismissSearchPopup = event.which === 27 &&
        $('.search-popup').is(':visible');
      if (shouldDismissSearchPopup) {
        onPopupClose();
      }
    });
  </script>





  

  

  

  
  

  

  

  

</body>
</html>
